EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine)

The runtime environment that executes smart contract bytecode on Ethereum. Its instruction set and gas model are replicated by many compatible chains, making Solidity code portable.

EVM compatibility is why apps can redeploy the same contracts across Ethereum, Polygon, BNB Chain, and dozens of Layer 2s. It defined the developer standards — Solidity, ERC-20, ERC-721 — that most of Web3 builds on.

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